# Copyright 2017 Google LLC All rights reserved. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Classes for representing documents for the Google Cloud Firestore API.""" from __future__ import annotations import datetime import logging from typing import Any, Callable, Generator, Iterable from google.api_core import gapic_v1 from google.api_core import retry as retries from google.cloud._helpers import _datetime_to_pb_timestamp # type: ignore from google.protobuf.timestamp_pb2 import Timestamp from google.cloud.firestore_v1 import _helpers from google.cloud.firestore_v1.base_document import ( BaseDocumentReference, DocumentSnapshot, _first_write_result, ) from google.cloud.firestore_v1.types import write from google.cloud.firestore_v1.watch import Watch logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) class DocumentReference(BaseDocumentReference): """A reference to a document in a Firestore database. The document may already exist or can be created by this class. Args: path (Tuple[str, ...]): The components in the document path. This is a series of strings representing each collection and sub-collection ID, as well as the document IDs for any documents that contain a sub-collection (as well as the base document). kwargs (dict): The keyword arguments for the constructor. The only supported keyword is ``client`` and it must be a :class:`~google.cloud.firestore_v1.client.Client`. It represents the client that created this document reference. Raises: ValueError: if * the ``path`` is empty * there are an even number of elements * a collection ID in ``path`` is not a string * a document ID in ``path`` is not a string TypeError: If a keyword other than ``client`` is used. """ def __init__(self, *path, **kwargs) -> None: super(DocumentReference, self).__init__(*path, **kwargs) def create( self, document_data: dict, retry: retries.Retry | object | None = gapic_v1.method.DEFAULT, timeout: float | None = None, ) -> write.WriteResult: """Create a document in the Firestore database. >>> document_data = {"a": 1, "b": {"c": "Two"}} >>> document.get().to_dict() is None # does not exist True >>> document.create(document_data) >>> document.get().to_dict() == document_data # exists True Args: document_data (dict): Property names and values to use for creating a document. retry (google.api_core.retry.Retry): Designation of what errors, if any, should be retried. Defaults to a system-specified policy. timeout (float): The timeout for this request. Defaults to a system-specified value. Returns: :class:`~google.cloud.firestore_v1.types.WriteResult`: The write result corresponding to the committed document. A write result contains an ``update_time`` field. Raises: :class:`google.cloud.exceptions.Conflict`: If the document already exists. """ batch, kwargs = self._prep_create(document_data, retry, timeout) write_results = batch.commit(**kwargs) return _first_write_result(write_results) def set( self, document_data: dict, merge: bool = False, retry: retries.Retry | object | None = gapic_v1.method.DEFAULT, timeout: float | None = None, ) -> write.WriteResult: """Create / replace / merge a document in the Firestore database. - To "upsert" a document (create if it doesn't exist, replace completely if it does), leave the ``merge`` argument at its default: >>> document_data = {"a": 1, "b": {"c": "Two"}} >>> document.get().to_dict() is None # document exists False >>> document.set(document_data) >>> document.get().to_dict() == document_data # exists True - To "merge" ``document_data`` with an existing document (creating if the document does not exist), pass ``merge`` as True``: >>> document_data = {"a": 1, "b": {"c": "Two"}} >>> document.get().to_dict() == {"d": "Three", "b": {}} # exists >>> document.set(document_data, merge=True) >>> document.get().to_dict() == {"a": 1, "d": "Three", "b": {"c": "Two"}} True In this case, existing documents with top-level keys which are not present in ``document_data`` (``"d"``) will preserve the values of those keys. - To merge only specific fields of ``document_data`` with existing documents (creating if the document does not exist), pass ``merge`` as a list of field paths: >>> document_data = {"a": 1, "b": {"c": "Two"}} >>> document.get().to_dict() == {"b": {"c": "One", "d": "Four" }} # exists True >>> document.set(document_data, merge=["b.c"]) >>> document.get().to_dict() == {"b": {"c": "Two", "d": "Four" }} True For more information on field paths, see :meth:`~google.cloud.firestore_v1.base_client.BaseClient.field_path`. Args: document_data (dict): Property names and values to use for replacing a document. merge (Optional[bool] or Optional[List]): If True, apply merging instead of overwriting the state of the document. retry (google.api_core.retry.Retry): Designation of what errors, if any, should be retried. Defaults to a system-specified policy. timeout (float): The timeout for this request. Defaults to a system-specified value. Returns: :class:`~google.cloud.firestore_v1.types.WriteResult`: The write result corresponding to the committed document. A write result contains an ``update_time`` field. """ batch, kwargs = self._prep_set(document_data, merge, retry, timeout) write_results = batch.commit(**kwargs) return _first_write_result(write_results) def update( self, field_updates: dict, option: _helpers.WriteOption | None = None, retry: retries.Retry | object | None = gapic_v1.method.DEFAULT, timeout: float | None = None, ) -> write.WriteResult: """Update an existing document in the Firestore database. By default, this method verifies that the document exists on the server before making updates. A write ``option`` can be specified to override these preconditions. Each key in ``field_updates`` can either be a field name or a **field path** (For more information on field paths, see :meth:`~google.cloud.firestore_v1.base_client.BaseClient.field_path`.) To illustrate this, consider a document with .. code-block:: python >>> snapshot = document.get() >>> snapshot.to_dict() { 'foo': { 'bar': 'baz', }, 'other': True, } stored on the server. If the field name is used in the update: .. code-block:: python >>> field_updates = { ... 'foo': { ... 'quux': 800, ... }, ... } >>> document.update(field_updates) then all of ``foo`` will be overwritten on the server and the new value will be .. code-block:: python >>> snapshot = document.get() >>> snapshot.to_dict() { 'foo': { 'quux': 800, }, 'other': True, } On the other hand, if a ``.``-delimited **field path** is used in the update: .. code-block:: python >>> field_updates = { ... 'foo.quux': 800, ... } >>> document.update(field_updates) then only ``foo.quux`` will be updated on the server and the field ``foo.bar`` will remain intact: .. code-block:: python >>> snapshot = document.get() >>> snapshot.to_dict() { 'foo': { 'bar': 'baz', 'quux': 800, }, 'other': True, } .. warning:: A **field path** can only be used as a top-level key in ``field_updates``. To delete / remove a field from an existing document, use the :attr:`~google.cloud.firestore_v1.transforms.DELETE_FIELD` sentinel. So with the example above, sending .. code-block:: python >>> field_updates = { ... 'other': firestore.DELETE_FIELD, ... } >>> document.update(field_updates) would update the value on the server to: .. code-block:: python >>> snapshot = document.get() >>> snapshot.to_dict() { 'foo': { 'bar': 'baz', }, } To set a field to the current time on the server when the update is received, use the :attr:`~google.cloud.firestore_v1.transforms.SERVER_TIMESTAMP` sentinel. Sending .. code-block:: python >>> field_updates = { ... 'foo.now': firestore.SERVER_TIMESTAMP, ... } >>> document.update(field_updates) would update the value on the server to: .. code-block:: python >>> snapshot = document.get() >>> snapshot.to_dict() { 'foo': { 'bar': 'baz', 'now': datetime.datetime(2012, ...), }, 'other': True, } Args: field_updates (dict): Field names or paths to update and values to update with. option (Optional[:class:`~google.cloud.firestore_v1.client.WriteOption`]): A write option to make assertions / preconditions on the server state of the document before applying changes. retry (google.api_core.retry.Retry): Designation of what errors, if any, should be retried. Defaults to a system-specified policy. timeout (float): The timeout for this request. Defaults to a system-specified value. Returns: :class:`~google.cloud.firestore_v1.types.WriteResult`: The write result corresponding to the updated document. A write result contains an ``update_time`` field. Raises: :class:`google.cloud.exceptions.NotFound`: If the document does not exist. """ batch, kwargs = self._prep_update(field_updates, option, retry, timeout) write_results = batch.commit(**kwargs) return _first_write_result(write_results) def delete( self, option: _helpers.WriteOption | None = None, retry: retries.Retry | object | None = gapic_v1.method.DEFAULT, timeout: float | None = None, ) -> Timestamp: """Delete the current document in the Firestore database. Args: option (Optional[:class:`~google.cloud.firestore_v1.client.WriteOption`]): A write option to make assertions / preconditions on the server state of the document before applying changes. retry (google.api_core.retry.Retry): Designation of what errors, if any, should be retried. Defaults to a system-specified policy. timeout (float): The timeout for this request. Defaults to a system-specified value. Returns: :class:`google.protobuf.timestamp_pb2.Timestamp`: The time that the delete request was received by the server. If the document did not exist when the delete was sent (i.e. nothing was deleted), this method will still succeed and will still return the time that the request was received by the server. """ request, kwargs = self._prep_delete(option, retry, timeout) commit_response = self._client._firestore_api.commit( request=request, metadata=self._client._rpc_metadata, **kwargs, ) return commit_response.commit_time def get( self, field_paths: Iterable[str] | None = None, transaction=None, retry: retries.Retry | object | None = gapic_v1.method.DEFAULT, timeout: float | None = None, ) -> DocumentSnapshot: """Retrieve a snapshot of the current document. See :meth:`~google.cloud.firestore_v1.base_client.BaseClient.field_path` for more information on **field paths**. If a ``transaction`` is used and it already has write operations added, this method cannot be used (i.e. read-after-write is not allowed). Args: field_paths (Optional[Iterable[str, ...]]): An iterable of field paths (``.``-delimited list of field names) to use as a projection of document fields in the returned results. If no value is provided, all fields will be returned. transaction (Optional[:class:`~google.cloud.firestore_v1.transaction.Transaction`]): An existing transaction that this reference will be retrieved in. retry (google.api_core.retry.Retry): Designation of what errors, if an y, should be retried. Defaults to a system-specified policy. timeout (float): The timeout for this request. Defaults to a system-specified value. Returns: :class:`~google.cloud.firestore_v1.base_document.DocumentSnapshot`: A snapshot of the current document. If the document does not exist at the time of the snapshot is taken, the snapshot's :attr:`reference`, :attr:`data`, :attr:`update_time`, and :attr:`create_time` attributes will all be ``None`` and its :attr:`exists` attribute will be ``False``. """ from google.cloud.firestore_v1.base_client import _parse_batch_get request, kwargs = self._prep_batch_get(field_paths, transaction, retry, timeout) response_iter = self._client._firestore_api.batch_get_documents( request=request, metadata=self._client._rpc_metadata, **kwargs, ) get_doc_response = next(response_iter, None) if get_doc_response is not None: return _parse_batch_get( get_doc_response=get_doc_response, reference_map={self._document_path: self}, client=self._client, ) logger.warning( "`batch_get_documents` unexpectedly returned empty " "stream. Expected one object.", ) return DocumentSnapshot( self, None, exists=False, read_time=_datetime_to_pb_timestamp(datetime.datetime.now()), create_time=None, update_time=None, ) def collections( self, page_size: int | None = None, retry: retries.Retry | object | None = gapic_v1.method.DEFAULT, timeout: float | None = None, ) -> Generator[Any, Any, None]: """List subcollections of the current document. Args: page_size (Optional[int]]): The maximum number of collections in each page of results from this request. Non-positive values are ignored. Defaults to a sensible value set by the API. retry (google.api_core.retry.Retry): Designation of what errors, if any, should be retried. Defaults to a system-specified policy. timeout (float): The timeout for this request. Defaults to a system-specified value. Returns: Sequence[:class:`~google.cloud.firestore_v1.collection.CollectionReference`]: iterator of subcollections of the current document. If the document does not exist at the time of `snapshot`, the iterator will be empty """ request, kwargs = self._prep_collections(page_size, retry, timeout) iterator = self._client._firestore_api.list_collection_ids( request=request, metadata=self._client._rpc_metadata, **kwargs, ) for collection_id in iterator: yield self.collection(collection_id) def on_snapshot(self, callback: Callable) -> Watch: """Watch this document. This starts a watch on this document using a background thread. The provided callback is run on the snapshot. Args: callback(Callable[[:class:`~google.cloud.firestore_v1.base_document.DocumentSnapshot`], NoneType]): a callback to run when a change occurs Example: .. code-block:: python from google.cloud import firestore_v1 db = firestore_v1.Client() collection_ref = db.collection(u'users') def on_snapshot(document_snapshot, changes, read_time): doc = document_snapshot print(u'{} => {}'.format(doc.id, doc.to_dict())) doc_ref = db.collection(u'users').document( u'alovelace' + unique_resource_id()) # Watch this document doc_watch = doc_ref.on_snapshot(on_snapshot) # Terminate this watch doc_watch.unsubscribe() """ return Watch.for_document(self, callback, DocumentSnapshot)